Overview of vascular access clinical standards and regulatory framework: INS 2021 Standards of Practice, IDSA guidelines, CDC catheter guidelines, Joint Commission NPSG 07.04.01, CMS requirements.
Evidence-based guide to PICC tip position verification: cavoatrial junction target, intraprocedural ECG guidance (P-wave method), post-procedure CXR interpretation, malposition recognition, and CEVAD standards.
CVAD tip location standards per CEVAD 2020 consensus: cavoatrial junction target, radiographic landmarks, device-specific tip positions, tip confirmation methods (ECG, CXR, fluoroscopy), and malposition classification.