Evidence-based guideline for AKI staging, prevention, conservative management, renal replacement therapy modalities, CRRT prescription, and special populations in the critically ill.
Fluid management, hyperkalemia emergency algorithm, electrolyte and acid-base management, diuretic therapy including furosemide stress test, drug dosing in AKI, and nutritional considerations.
Pre-renal, intrinsic, and post-renal AKI causes; diagnostic workup including urinalysis, FENa, FEUrea, and imaging; prevention strategies; nephrotoxin avoidance; contrast-associated AKI evidence; drug dose adjustment table.
KDIGO AKI definition and staging criteria, RIFLE and AKIN historical comparison, novel biomarkers (NGAL, KIM-1, NephroCheck), subclinical AKI, ICU epidemiology, and outcomes by stage.
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